Hi Buster,
Good questions!
On the old website I created a list of tests that are used to diagnose a mast cell disorder:
http://mastcelldisorders.lefora.com/2010/11/18/diagnosing-a-mast-cell-disorder/#...The first thing you want to test is your baseline tryptase, which often helps tells the difference between SM and MCAD. Sometimes, along the way people are worked up for lupus... this is good, because any systemic autoimmune disorder can cause mast cell activation (so can malignancies like lymphoma and carcinoid syndrome). Here are some good reasons to suspect that you either have an autoimmune mast cell disorder or an unrelated autoimmune disorder making your mast cell disorder more complicated to deal with:
- You've been diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder (Hashimoto's disease is common in patients with chronic urticaria... researchers are not exactly sure why)
- Autoimmune disorders run in your family... type I diabetes, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Chron's, etc... (AARDA has an excellent list if you're not sure about this:
http://aarda.org/). Fibromyalgia is not proven to be an autoimmune disorder, but occurs in a lot of people with a personal or family history of autoimmune disorders
- Your symptoms were triggered by physical and/or emotional stress such as a car accident, divorce, PTSD, etc... or by a sudden change in hormone levels (puberty, childbirth, hysterectomy, etc...)
- You're a woman... and if you are, your symptoms flare up around ovulation and/or menstruation
- In addition to the normal mast cell activation symptoms (headaches, hives, tachycardia, shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, flushing, etc...) you've had problems with joint pain, petechiae, easy bruising, mild damage to your kidneys, lymph node enlargement, etc... The kinds of symptoms you would expect in someone with a systemic autoimmune disorder or a severe infection.
If you're in the US, there are three tests I would recommend to check for an autoimmune mast cell disorder: ANA, auto-antibodies to high-affinity IgE receptors, and anti-IgE antibodies. ANA is a very general test... not specific to mast cell disorders... but it's a good indication if you have "autoimmune issues" going on. However, over the last two years my ANA has ranged between 1:40 (negative) and 1:320 (strong positive)... the numbers haven't matched my symptoms! So... don't allow yourself to be brushed off just because your ANA is negative or the doctor calls it a "false positive." As far as I know, National Jewish Hospital in Denver is the only place doing the antibody tests. You can have your blood mailed to them. They are not part of the standard "reflex" testing that happens when your ANA is positive.
The most important reason to know if you have an autoimmune mast cell disorder as compared to SM, for example, is because it opens up other treatment options... plaquenil (a malaria drug used to treat many different autoimmune disorders) plus monoclonal antibodies like Xolair and Rituxan. Monoclonals are NOT cheap. To get that kind of therapy you need a doctor who really knows what s/he is doing, preferably a researcher. It's also a last resort because it carries a lot more risks than antihistamines, leukotriene blockers, and mast cell stabilizers. I've been able to get my disorder under control (through medication and lifestyle changes) without going to extreme measures... a huge improvement for someone who was landing in the ER once a month!
Heather